Standard Library Index
Dragon ships a batteries-included standard library. Every module listed here is bundled with the compiler and statically linked into your binary - there is no package-manager step, no pip install, no runtime dependency to ship alongside the executable. You write import json and the code is already there.
The guiding principle is Python parity: where a module mirrors a CPython one, the names, signatures, and semantics are meant to read identically. But Dragon implements a deliberate subset - not the whole CPython stdlib, and within each module not every function or flag. This index documents what actually exists, grounded in each module's own description. When a module's surface departs from Python (the json shape is the notable case), the departure is called out.
Many modules are pure Dragon - no C dependency at all. Others wrap libc, libm, or a bundled native library (PCRE2, SQLite, mbedTLS, zlib, zstd) that is statically linked the same way. Either way, nothing is fetched at build time.
Text and formatting
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
string | String constants (ascii_lowercase, digits, …) and utilities, matching Python's string module. Pure Dragon. |
textwrap | Text wrapping and filling - TextWrapper plus wrap/fill/dedent/indent/shorten. Pure Dragon; simplified vs CPython's regex splitter. |
re | Regular expressions backed by bundled PCRE2 10.44. Pattern class plus match/search/sub/findall/split. |
fnmatch | Unix filename glob matching (*, ?, [abc], [!abc]). Pure Dragon. |
html | HTML escaping/unescaping, tag stripping, entity codecs; also home to the HTML/CSS/XML template[X] content types. Pure Dragon. |
reprlib | Size-limited repr() for logging and pprint. Typed repr_* entry points (static typing can't dispatch on runtime type). |
difflib | Sequence similarity - longest common blocks and ratios over strings, a subset of Python's difflib. Pure Dragon. |
shlex | Shell-like lexical splitting with POSIX quoting (split/quote). Pure Dragon. |
template | The Template protocol base that template[X] { … } content types subclass. See Templates. |
Data and serialization
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
json | JSON encode/decode/validate. Generic dumps(obj) / loads -> Any for the convenience tier, plus a monomorphized typed family (dumps_int, dumps_list_str, loads_float, loads_list_str, ...) for hot paths, and a JSON Schema validator - the Schema class owns a registry: register(name, schema) compiles immediately, validate(name, payload) -> ValidationResult, schemas compose via $ref (Draft 7 subset; replaces the third-party jsonschema dependency). Also hosts the JSON template content type. |
csv | CSV reading/writing with quoted fields, escaped quotes, configurable delimiters. Pure Dragon. |
configparser | INI-file parser - sections, =/: key-values, #/; comments, whitespace stripping. Pure Dragon. |
tomllib | Read-only TOML parser matching Python 3.11+ tomllib (practical subset; no arrays-of-tables, inline tables, multi-line strings, or datetimes). |
drs | Parser for Dragon Script (.drs) config files; returns native dict[str, Any] / list[Any]. |
base64 | RFC 4648 Base64 encode/decode plus URL-safe variants; bytes-oriented to match Python. |
binascii | Binary↔ASCII conversion - hexlify/unhexlify (a.k.a. b2a_hex/a2b_hex) and CRC32 over bytes. |
struct | Pack/unpack primitives to/from bytes with the CPython format mini-language (</>/!/=, b/h/i/q/f/d/s, …). |
quopri | Quoted-printable (RFC 1521) encode/decode over bytes. Pure Dragon. |
operator | Python operators as plain functions for higher-order use; static typing forces monomorphic (int-default, suffixed float/str) variants. |
functools | Higher-order helpers (reduce, …) matching Python's functools; monomorphic subset forced by static typing. Pure Dragon. |
itertools | Iterator building blocks (accumulate/chain/repeat/islice/pairwise/take), a monomorphic subset of Python's itertools. Pure Dragon. |
enum | Enum/IntEnum/StrEnum base classes recognized by the compiler, which lowers the deriving class at compile time (no runtime metaclass). Import-gated, not builtins. |
Math and numbers
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
math | Mathematical functions over float wrapping libm, with module-level constants (pi, …). |
statistics | Common statistics over lists of floats/ints - a subset of Python's statistics. Pure Dragon (only libm sqrt). |
fractions | Exact rational arithmetic via a Fraction class, always stored reduced with sign on the numerator. Pure Dragon. |
random | Pseudo-random floats, ints, and sequence ops over libc rand/srand. Not cryptographically secure. |
bisect | Binary search for maintaining sorted list[int] sequences. Pure Dragon. |
heapq | Min-heap (priority queue) operations on list[int]. Pure Dragon. |
graphlib | Topological sort via Kahn's algorithm (TopologicalSorter). Pure Dragon. |
colorsys | Conversions between RGB and the HSV/HLS/YIQ colour systems, matching Python's colorsys. Pure Dragon. |
Date and time
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
time | Current time, process/monotonic clocks, and sleep over POSIX time functions. |
datetime | timedelta/date/time/datetime with arithmetic, comparison, and ISO-8601 formatting. UTC-only in this version. |
calendar | Pure date math and formatting (Monday=0 … Sunday=6; January=1 … December=12). No C dependency. |
sched | General-purpose event scheduler (scheduler), a subset of Python's sched. Pure Dragon. |
timeit | Measure execution time of small snippets - default_timer/timeit over time.perf_counter. |
Operating system and filesystem
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
os | OS interface over POSIX/libc - filesystem ops, environment access, process management, path utilities. |
os.path | Path utilities (join, basename, dirname, splitext, isabs, …), the Python os.path surface. |
pathlib | Object-oriented paths - a Path class wrapping os.path with attribute access and / joining. POSIX separators only. |
glob | Unix-style pathname expansion returning lists of matching paths. |
shutil | High-level file operations - copyfile/copy/copytree/… - a common subset of Python's shutil. |
stat | Interpret os.stat() st_mode bits - type masks, permission helpers (S_ISDIR, …); Python stat parity. Pure Dragon. |
filecmp | Compare files and directories (cmp, shallow/deep), matching Python's filecmp. |
fileinput | Iterate over lines from many input streams as one stream, matching Python's fileinput. |
linecache | Cache lines from text files for line-number lookup, matching Python's linecache. |
mimetypes | Guess a file's MIME type from its name/extension. Pure Dragon. |
io | File I/O - a File class with context-manager support over C stdio. |
tempfile | Temporary file and directory creation over POSIX/libc. |
getpass | Portable no-echo password input and current-user lookup over a native terminal shim plus libc. |
subprocess | Spawn child processes with pipe capture - a Python-parity subset over a native spawn plus a poll(2) pump. |
signal | POSIX signal numbers plus delivery helpers, a Python-parity subset. |
platform | Underlying platform identifying data - system/node/release/version/…, matching Python's platform. |
gettext | Minimal .po message-catalog reader for translations, matching Python's gettext. Pure Dragon. |
netrc | Parse the .netrc credentials file, matching Python's netrc. Pure Dragon. |
sys | Process exit, platform info, and system limits. |
errno | Symbolic POSIX error-number constants (Linux/glibc canonicals). Pure Dragon. |
syslog | POSIX syslog(3) bindings plus per-severity convenience helpers. Linux/macOS only. |
logging | A Logger class plus debug/info/warning/error/critical; stderr, fixed format, Python numeric levels. |
warnings | Non-fatal warnings - warn/filterwarnings/simplefilter; category names are strings matching Python's class names. |
argparse | Command-line argument parsing - a subset of Python's argparse (ArgumentParser, add_argument, parse_args). |
Networking
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
socket | TCP/UDP networking - BSD socket wrappers using runtime helpers for sockaddr packing. No external dependency. |
ipaddress | IPv4/IPv6 address and network helpers - parse, round-trip, equality, CIDR membership; Python parity for the common subset. |
http | HTTP package root re-exporting HTTPServer and the routing types. |
http.server | Pure-Dragon HTTP server - Router, Request, Response, Context; runtime C only for socket I/O and HTTP parsing. |
http.client | HTTP/1.1 client (HTTPConnection/getresponse/read) over socket.TcpStream. Plain HTTP. |
http.connection | Connection lifecycle for the server - ConnReader/RequestReader framing HTTP/1.1 requests off raw socket and TLS streams. Pure Dragon. |
http.message | HTTP request/response message types shared by the server. Pure Dragon. |
http.cookies | Parse and render HTTP cookie headers (common subset). Pure Dragon. |
http.cookiejar | RFC 6265 cookie jar (Python parity, common subset). Pure Dragon. |
http.sessions | Server-side and signed-cookie session crypto plus CSRF token helper (W5/W7). Pure Dragon over hmac/secrets. |
http.multipart | multipart/form-data body parsing (RFC 7578) into binary-safe Parts. Pure Dragon. |
http.websocket | RFC 6455 WebSocket handshake plus frame parse/build codec over the binary socket runtime. Pure Dragon. |
urllib | Package root for the urllib submodules. |
urllib.parse | URL parsing and percent-encoding (RFC 3986) - urlsplit/urljoin/quote/parse_qs/urlencode; hosts the URL template content type. |
urllib.request | High-level HTTP convenience (urlopen, Request) over http.client. |
urllib.response | File-like wrappers returned by urlopen, matching Python's urllib.response. Pure Dragon. |
urllib.error | Exception classes raised by urllib (Python parity). Pure Dragon. |
urllib.robotparser | Parse robots.txt access rules, matching Python's urllib.robotparser. Pure Dragon. |
Cryptography and security
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
hashlib | Python-compatible hashing (SHA-256, SHA-1, MD5) with incremental update/copy; bytes-in/bytes-out plus pbkdf2_hmac. |
hmac | RFC 2104 keyed-hash MAC backed by the mbedTLS runtime engine. |
crypto | String-in / hex-out digest wrappers, and Dragon's home for the superset crypto surface Python never exposed - asymmetric sign/verify and AEAD ciphers, each KAT-verified on mbedTLS. |
secrets | Cryptographically strong randomness over the OS CSPRNG - token_urlsafe, token_hex, compare_digest. |
argon2id | Argon2id password hashing (RFC 9106) over the memory-hard runtime core - hash/verify, raw and encoded forms. Beyond Python: not in CPython's stdlib (Python needs argon2-cffi). |
totp | RFC 6238 TOTP and RFC 4226 HOTP one-time passwords, pure Dragon (zero FFI). Beyond Python: not in CPython's stdlib. |
ssl | TLS/SSL with a CPython-parity surface (SSLContext, wrap_socket, create_default_context, CERT_*/PROTOCOL_*) over statically-linked mbedTLS; modern-only policy, not user-weakenable. |
uuid | UUID v4 (random) generation and string utilities over libc rand - not cryptographically secure. |
merkle | RFC 6962 (Certificate Transparency) Merkle tree with 0x00/0x01 domain separation - O(log n) inclusion and consistency proofs. Pure Dragon. The transparency-log primitive behind the egg registry. |
Concurrency
See Concurrency for the three-tier model.
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
threading | OS-thread synchronization primitives - Lock, RWLock, Semaphore, Barrier, Condition, Event; all context-manager aware (pthread wrappers). |
collections | Package root re-exporting the concurrent collections. |
collections.concurrent | Thread-safe collection wrappers - Dragon classes over the builtin SyncList/SyncDict runtime types, subclassable and extendable. |
Databases
See Databases for the full guide.
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
database | Database package root - queries are template[SQL] values (never strings); all/one/val/run reject bare str, rows are dict[str, Any]. Optional [T] on the fetch verbs (all[Customer], val[int]) maps rows to a class or scalar. Defines the open(dsn) dispatcher. |
database.base | Shared backend-agnostic core - the SQL content type, the error hierarchy, Results. |
database.sqlite | SQLite backend over the bundled amalgamation (no external dependency). |
database.postgres | Postgres backend speaking the v3 wire protocol directly (SCRAM-SHA-256 auth); no libpq, no C dependency. |
database.mysql | MySQL backend speaking the client/server protocol directly (mysql_native_password + caching_sha2_password); no libmysqlclient. |
sqlite | Low-level SQLite3 C-API bindings over the bundled amalgamation (the raw layer beneath database.sqlite). |
Testing and development
See Testing for the full guide.
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
unittest | Python-parity test framework - TestCase subclasses driven by method reflection and deep Any equality. |
Compression and archives
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
gzip | gzip compress/decompress mirroring CPython's gzip; zlib level scale (0-9), default 9. |
zstandard | Zstandard (zstd) compress/decompress - Dragon-specific (not in CPython); mirrors python-zstandard's high-level API. Default level 3. |
zipfile | PKWARE ZIP archive read/write (stored + deflate), matching CPython's zipfile. |
tarfile | POSIX USTAR tar read/write composing with gzip/zstd for .tar, .tar.gz, .tar.zst. Pure Dragon header format. |
Desktop UI
See Desktop Applications for the full guide.
| Module | Purpose |
|---|
ui | Dragon's desktop UI toolkit (the design spec) - the App lifecycle/main loop and reactive Signal primitives. Views are template[HTML]; the renderer is the OS webview. |
ui.desktop | The platform Window and native shell bindings beneath ui (webview host). |
A note on coverage
This index is a map, not a contract for completeness. Each module aims to make the commonly used part of its Python counterpart feel native, and to do so at native-code speed because everything compiles ahead of time and links statically. Where Dragon goes beyond Python - zstandard, the database template[SQL] layer, the superset crypto primitives, and bundled argon2id/totp that Python pushes out to third-party packages - it does so to fill a real gap, not to diverge for its own sake. When you need a function that isn't here yet, that is a known boundary of the subset, not a bug in your program.
